Analysis of the spatial non-uniformity of the electric field in spectroscopic diagnostic methods of atmospheric electricity phenomena

TL;DR

This paper investigates the spatial non-uniformity of electric fields in atmospheric discharges using a streamer model, improving spectroscopic diagnostic methods to more accurately estimate peak electric fields in various atmospheric phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces new diagnostic methods that account for electric field non-uniformity, reducing estimation errors in spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric discharges.

Findings

Underestimation of electric field by 40-50% with traditional methods.

New methods reduce underestimation to 10-20%.

Application to sprite data demonstrates practical utility.

Abstract

The spatial non-uniformity of the electric field in air discharges, such as streamers, can influence the accuracy of spectroscopic diagnostic methods and hence the estimation of the peak electric field. In this work, we use a self-consistent streamer discharge model to investigate the spatial non-uniformity in streamer heads and streamer glows. We focus our analysis on air discharges at atmospheric pressure and at the low pressure of the mesosphere. This approach is useful to investigate the spatial non-uniformity of laboratory discharges as well as sprite streamers and blue jet streamers, two types of Transient Luminous Event (TLE) taking place above thunderclouds. This characterization of the spatial non-uniformity of the electric field in air discharges allows us to develop two different spectroscopic diagnostic methods to estimate the peak electric field in cold plasmas. The commonly employed method to derive the peak electric field in streamer heads underestimates the electric field by about 40-50~\% as a consequence of the high spatial non-uniformity of the electric field. Our diagnostic methods reduce this underestimation to about 10-20\%. However, our methods are less accurate than previous methods for streamer glows, where the electric field is uniformly distributed in space. Finally, we apply our diagnostic methods to the measured optical signals in the Second Positive System of $N_2$ and the First Negative System of $N_2^+$ of sprites recorded by Armstrong et al. (1998) during the SPRITE's 95 and 96 campaigns.