Almost Global Solutions to the Three-dimensional Isentropic Inviscid Flows with Damping in Physical Vacuum Around Barenlatt Solutions

TL;DR

This paper proves almost global existence of smooth solutions for 3D vacuum free boundary problems with physical singularity, perturbing Barenblatt solutions, showing solutions persist for exponentially long times without symmetry assumptions.

Contribution

It establishes the almost global existence of solutions near Barenblatt solutions for 3D Euler equations with damping and physical vacuum, with a novel analysis of vacuum boundary growth.

Findings

Solutions exist for at least exponential time in inverse perturbation size

Vacuum boundary growth is sub-linear, contrasting with linear growth in previous theories

Results relate to open questions on multi-dimensional vacuum free boundary problems

Abstract

For the three-dimensional vacuum free boundary problem with physical singularity that the sound speed is $C^{ {1}/{2}}$-H$\ddot{\rm o}$lder continuous across the vacuum boundary of the compressible Euler equations with damping, without any symmetry assumptions, we prove the almost global existence of smooth solutions when the initial data are small perturbations of the Barenblatt self-similar solutions to the corresponding porous media equations simplified via Darcy's law. It is proved that if the initial perturbation is of the size of $\epsilon$, then the existing time for smooth solutions is at least of the order of $\exp(\epsilon^{-2/3})$. The key issue for the analysis is the slow {\em sub-linear} growth of vacuum boundaries of the order of $t^{1/(3\gamma-1)}$, where $\gamma>1$ is the adiabatic exponent for the gas. This is in sharp contrast to the currently available global-in-time existence theory of expanding solutions to the vacuum free boundary problems with physical singularity of compressible Euler equations for which the expanding rate of vacuum boundaries is linear. The results obtained in this paper is closely related to the open question in multiple dimensions since T.-P. Liu's construction of particular solutions in 1996 .