Efficient random number generation techniques for CMOS SPAD array based devices

TL;DR

This paper introduces FPGA-based quantum random number generators utilizing CMOS SPAD arrays and single photon timing, with post-processing algorithms to ensure high-quality randomness and achieve high data rates.

Contribution

It presents novel FPGA implementations of QRNGs using CMOS SPAD arrays and advanced post-processing to improve randomness extraction and rate performance.

Findings

Randy device achieves 1.8 Mbit/s generation rate

LinoSPAD device achieves 310 Mbit/s rate

Real-time randomness extraction enables physics tests

Abstract

This work presents new techniques to produce true random bits by exploiting single photon time of arrival. Two FPGA-based QRNG devices are presented: Randy which uses one discrete SPAD and LinoSPAD which uses a CMOS SPAD array, along with a time-to-digital converter (TDC). Post-processing procedures are explained in order to extract randomness taking care of SPAD and TDC non-idealities. These procedures are based on the application of Peres [Y. Peres, Ann. Statist.20, 590 (1992)] and Zhou-Bruk [H. Zhou and J. Bruck, arXiv:1209.0726 (2012)] extraction algorithms. Achieved generation rates are 1.8 Mbit/s for Randy device and 310 Mbit/s for LinoSPAD device. Randy QRNG also features a real time procedure which was used for the realization of fundamental tests of physics.