Orbital motion of test particles in regular Hayward black hole space-time

TL;DR

This paper investigates all possible test particle orbits in the regular Hayward black hole spacetime using phase plane analysis, revealing how orbit types and properties depend on the parameter ll and identifying the innermost stable circular orbit.

Contribution

The study classifies all test particle orbits in the regular Hayward black hole spacetime and analyzes their dependence on the parameter ll, providing new insights into orbital dynamics in this regular black hole model.

Findings

Four types of time-like orbits identified: unstable circular, stable separated, hyperbolic, and elliptical.

Orbital properties vary with the parameter ll, affecting particle plunging behavior.

Innermost stable circular orbit found at r = 5.93055 for specific parameter values.

Abstract

In this paper, all possible orbits of test particles are investigated by using phase plane method in regular Hayward black hole space-time. Our results show that the time-like orbits are divided into four types: unstable circular orbits, separates stable orbits, stable hyperbolic orbits and elliptical orbits in regular Hayward black hole space-time. We find that the orbital properties vary with the change of $\ell$ (a convenient encoding of the central energy density $3/8\pi\ell^{2}$). If $\ell =\frac{1}{3}$ and $b < 3.45321$, the test particles which moving toward the black hole will definitely be plunging into the black hole. In addition, it is obtained that the innermost stable circular orbit happens at $r_{min}$ = 5.93055 for $b$ = 3.45321.