The radioscience LaRa instrument onboard ExoMars 2020 to investigate the rotation and interior of Mars

TL;DR

The LaRa instrument on ExoMars 2020 aims to precisely measure Mars' rotation and interior structure using radio Doppler shift data, enhancing understanding of Mars' geophysical properties.

Contribution

This paper details the design, setup, and expected scientific outcomes of the LaRa experiment, including its capabilities to analyze Mars' interior and rotational dynamics.

Findings

Expected improvement in Mars' rotation parameter measurements

Potential to reveal Mars' interior structure and atmosphere

Methodology for determining surface platform position

Abstract

LaRa (Lander Radioscience) is an experiment on the ExoMars 2020 mission that uses the Doppler shift on the radio link due to the motion of the ExoMars platform tied to the surface of Mars with respect to the Earth ground stations (e.g. the deep space network stations of NASA), in order to precisely measure the relative velocity of the lander on Mars with respect to the Earth. The LaRa measurements shall improve the understanding of the structure and processes in the deep interior of Mars by obtaining the rotation and orientation of Mars with a better precision compared to the previous missions. In this paper, we provide the analysis done until now for the best realization of these objectives. We explain the geophysical observation that will be reached with LaRa (Length-of-day variations, precession, nutation, and possibly polar motion). We develop the experiment set up, which includes the ground stations on Earth (so-called ground segment). We describe the instrument, i.e. the transponder and its three antennas. We further detail the link budget and the expected noise level that will be reached. Finally, we detail the expected results, which encompasses the explanation of how we shall determine Mars' orientation parameters, and the way we shall deduce Mars' interior structure and Mars' atmosphere from them. Lastly, we explain briefly how we will be able to determine the Surface platform position.