Lifetime estimations and a non-monotonic initial energy density in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC

TL;DR

This paper uses exact solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics to connect initial conditions with final observables in heavy ion collisions, revealing a non-monotonic energy density trend across different collision energies at RHIC and LHC.

Contribution

It introduces new exact hydrodynamic solutions that relate initial energy density to final observables, providing improved estimates across various collision energies.

Findings

Initial energy density shows a non-monotonic increase with collision energy at RHIC.

Explicit scaling relations between observables and initial conditions are established.

The method applies to multiple collision systems and energies at RHIC and LHC.

Abstract

We highlight some connections between the final state hadronic observables and the initial conditions using a recently found new exact family of solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics. These relations provide explicit examples of the scaling behaviour in relativistic hydrodynamics and may provide an advanced estimate of the lifetime and the initial energy density in $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4$, $130$, and $200$ GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC and $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.0$ TeV Pb+Pb and $5.44$ TeV Xe+Xe as well as $\sqrt{s} = 7$, $8$ and $13$ TeV p+p collisions at LHC energies. A surprising result is that these advanced estimates yield a non-monotonic increase of the initial energy density with increasing collision energy at the RHIC energy range.