Fine micro-thermal structures for Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole

TL;DR

This paper investigates the micro-thermal structures of Reissner-Nordström black holes using Ruppeiner geometry, revealing interaction phases, phase transitions, and insights into naked singularity formation.

Contribution

It introduces the thermal-charge density as a new tool to analyze black hole micro-structures and identifies distinct phases and phase transitions in Reissner-Nordström black holes.

Findings

Reissner-Nordström black holes exhibit repulsive interactions.

Three phases: free, interactive, and balanced.

A phase transition occurs between free and interactive phases.

Abstract

We solve the condundrum on whether the molecules of the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole interact through the Ruppeiner thermodynamic geometry, basing our study on the concept of the black hole molecule proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (2015) 111302] and choosing the appropriate extensive variables. Our results show that the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole is indeed an interaction system that may be dominated by repulsive interaction. More importantly, with the help of a novel quantity, namely the thermal-charge density, we describe the fine micro-thermal structures of the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole in detail. Three different phases are presented, namely the free, interactive, and balanced phases. The thermal-charge density plays a role similar to the order parameter, and the back hole undergoes a new phase transition between the free phase and interactive phase. The competition between the free phase and interactive phase exists, which leads to extreme behavior of the temperature of the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole. For the extreme Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole, the entire system is completely in the interactive phase. More importantly, we provide the thermodynamic micro-mechanism for the formation of the naked singularity of the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole.