Transition Fronts of Fisher-KPP Equations in Locally Spatially Inhomogeneous Patchy Environments I: Existence and Non-existence

TL;DR

This paper investigates how spatially localized inhomogeneities in environments affect the existence and speed of transition fronts in Fisher-KPP equations, revealing conditions under which such fronts exist or are prevented.

Contribution

It establishes the impact of strongly and weakly localized inhomogeneities on the existence and range of speeds of transition fronts in Fisher-KPP models.

Findings

Strongly localized inhomogeneities can prevent transition front existence.

Weakly localized inhomogeneities allow transition fronts within a finite speed range.

There may be a maximal wave speed for the existence of transition fronts.

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the study of spatial propagation dynamics of species in locally spatially inhomogeneous patchy environments or media. For a lattice differential equation with monostable nonlinearity in a discrete homogeneous media, it is well-known that there exists a minimal wave speed such that a traveling front exists if and only if the wave speed is not slower than this minimal wave speed. We shall show that strongly localized spatial inhomogeneous patchy environments may prevent the existence of transition fronts (generalized traveling fronts). Transition fronts may exist in weakly localized spatial inhomogeneous patchy environments but only in a finite range of speeds, which implies that it is plausible to obtain a maximal wave speed of existence of transition fronts.