Distributed Frequency Regulation for Heterogeneous Microgrids via Steady State Optimal Control

TL;DR

This paper introduces a model-based frequency control method for heterogeneous microgrids that uses steady-state optimal control and real-time pricing, ensuring robustness and power sharing in complex grid configurations.

Contribution

It presents a novel port-Hamiltonian based frequency controller applicable to various generation sources, incorporating real-time pricing for optimal and robust microgrid regulation.

Findings

Effective frequency regulation demonstrated on an 18-node microgrid

Robust against power fluctuations from loads and renewable sources

Supports active power sharing among diverse generators

Abstract

In this paper, we present a model-based frequency controller for microgrids with nonzero line resistances based on a port-Hamiltonian formulation of the microgrid model and real-time dynamic pricing. The controller is applicable for conventional generation with synchronous machines as well as for power electronics interfaced sources and it is robust against power fluctuations from uncontrollable loads or volatile regenerative sources. The price-based formulation allows additional requirements such as active power sharing to be met. The capability and effectiveness of our procedure is demonstrated by means of an 18-node exemplary grid.