Spinon confinement and deconfinement in spin-1 chains

TL;DR

This paper explores the behavior of elementary excitations in spin-1 chains near phase transitions, revealing how spinons deconfine at certain transitions and confine away from them, using matrix-product state techniques.

Contribution

It demonstrates the emergence and confinement of spinons in spin-1 chains at phase transitions, providing explicit calculations of their dispersion and confinement behavior.

Findings

Spinons deconfine at the first-order transition between Haldane and trivial phases.

Spinons confine into bound states away from the transition.

Deconfined spinons also appear at the transition to the dimerized phase.

Abstract

Motivated by the rich phase diagrams recently unveiled in frustrated spin-1 chains with competing next-nearest neighbour and four-spin interactions, we investigate the nature of the elementary excitations of spin-1 chains in the vicinity of phase transitions using the matrix-product state (MPS) representation of elementary excitations. First, we show that both spinons and magnons naturally arise in SU(2) invariant spin chains when describing ground states and elementary excitations using MPS. Then we investigate the nature of the elementary excitations across the first-oder transition between the Haldane phase and the topologically trivial next-nearest neighbor Haldane phase. We show explicitly that spinons deconfine at the transition, and we calculate the dispersion of these deconfined spinons with MPS. We also show that, immediately away from the transition line, spinons confine, forming dispersive spinon/anti-spinon bound states on both sides of the transition. Finally, we show that deconfined spinons also appear at the transition between the Haldane phase and the spontaneously dimerized phase when this transition is first order.