Exotic Spin-Dependent Forces from a Hidden Sector

TL;DR

This paper explores three novel classes of long-range spin-dependent forces arising from hidden sectors, expanding the theoretical landscape beyond traditional Yukawa-like potentials and guiding future experimental searches.

Contribution

It introduces three new classes of exotic spin-dependent potentials generated by relativistic theories, providing a framework for future experimental exploration.

Findings

Identifies three classes of exotic potentials: quantum, conformal, and emergent forces.

Highlights the complementarity of spin-dependent force searches within an effective field theory.

Suggests well-motivated directions for experimental searches for exotic forces.

Abstract

New dynamics from hidden sectors may manifest as long-range forces between visible matter particles. The well-known case of Yukawa-like potentials occurs via the exchange of a single virtual particle. However, more exotic behavior is also possible. We present three classes of exotic potentials that are generated by relativistic theories: (i) quantum forces from the loop-level exchange of two virtual particles, (ii) conformal forces from a conformal sector, and (iii) emergent forces from degrees of freedom that only exist in the infrared regime of the theory. We discuss the complementarity of spin-dependent force searches in an effective field theory framework. We identify well-motivated directions to search for exotic spin-dependent forces.