Learning Navigation by Visual Localization and Trajectory Prediction

TL;DR

This paper introduces a self-driving system that predicts vehicle location and future trajectory using only raw video and destination info, enabling navigation without GPS during operation.

Contribution

It presents a novel approach for real-time vehicle localization and trajectory prediction solely from visual input and destination, trained with GPS data only at training time.

Findings

Outperforms existing methods in visual localization and steering accuracy.

Accurately predicts trajectories up to seven seconds ahead.

Enables GPS-free navigation between known locations.

Abstract

When driving, people make decisions based on current traffic as well as their desired route. They have a mental map of known routes and are often able to navigate without needing directions. Current self-driving models improve their performances when using additional GPS information. Here we aim to push forward self-driving research and perform route planning even in the absence of GPS. Our system learns to predict in real-time vehicle's current location and future trajectory, as a function of time, on a known map, given only the raw video stream and the intended destination. The GPS signal is available only at training time, with training data annotation being fully automatic. Different from other published models, we predict the vehicle's trajectory for up to seven seconds ahead, from which complete steering, speed and acceleration information can be derived for the entire time span. Trajectories capture navigational information on multiple levels, from instant steering commands that depend on present traffic and obstacles ahead, to longer-term navigation decisions, towards a specific destination. We collect our dataset with a regular car and a smartphone that records video and GPS streams. The GPS data is used to derive ground-truth supervision labels and create an analytical representation of the traversed map. In tests, our system outperforms published methods on visual localization and steering and gives accurate navigation assistance between any two known locations.