Controlled creation of three-dimensional vortex structures in Bose--Einstein condensates using artificial magnetic fields

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to generate and control three-dimensional vortex structures in Bose-Einstein condensates using artificial magnetic fields from an optical nanofiber, enabling advanced vortex manipulation in superfluid systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel technique for creating and controlling complex vortex structures in BECs via artificial magnetic fields generated by optical nanofibers.

Findings

Vortex rings and lattices can be generated in toroidally-trapped BECs.

The presence of vortex structures can be detected through scissors mode excitation.

The method enables control over three-dimensional vortex configurations.

Abstract

The physics of quantized vortex excitations in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates has been extensively studied in recent years.Although simple vortex lines are relatively easy to create, control, and measure in experiments, it is a lot more difficult to do the same for vortex ring structures.Here we suggest and explore a method for generating and controlling superfluid vortex rings, vortex ring lattices, and other three dimensional vortex structures in toroidally-trapped superfluid Bose--Einstein condensates by using the artificial magnetic field produced by an optical nanofiber.The presence of the fiber also necessitates a multiply-connected geometry and we show that in this situation the presence of these vortex structures can be deduced from exciting the scissors mode of the condensate.