A Likely Inclination Dependence in the Non-linear Variability of Quasi Periodic Oscillations from Black Hole Binaries

TL;DR

This study investigates how the inclination angle of black hole binaries affects the non-linear variability of quasi-periodic oscillations, revealing inclination-dependent patterns in type-C QPOs using bicoherence analysis.

Contribution

It provides the first systematic analysis of inclination effects on QPO non-linear properties, identifying specific pattern changes linked to inclination angles.

Findings

Inclination influences the non-linear variability patterns of type-C QPOs.

High inclination sources show a change from 'web' to 'cross' patterns.

Low inclination sources show a change from 'web' to 'hypotenuse' patterns.

Abstract

We present a systematic analysis of the effects of orbital inclination angle on the non-linear variability properties of type-B and type-C QPOs from black hole binaries. We use the bicoherence, a measure of phase coupling at different Fourier frequencies for our analysis. We find that there is a likely inclination dependent change in the non-linear properties of type-C QPOs as the source transitions from a hard intermediate state to a soft intermediate state. High inclination (edge-on) sources show a change from a `web' to a `cross' pattern, while the low inclination (face-on) sources show a change from a `web' to a `hypotenuse' pattern. We present a scenario of a moderate increase in the optical depth of the Comptonising region as a possible explanation of these effects. The bicoherence of type-B QPOs do not exhibit any measurable inclination dependence.