Dynamic emergence of fragmenting, exploding cages of irradiated single-walled carbon nanotubes and C60

TL;DR

This paper introduces an information-theoretic model to analyze the self-organizing, dissipative structures in irradiated carbon nanostructures, providing a new perspective beyond traditional thermal and damage theories.

Contribution

It develops a novel entropy-based framework to characterize irradiated nanostructures, integrating fractal, entropy, and dynamic emergence measures without relying on prior energy dissipation assumptions.

Findings

The model captures the self-organization in irradiated structures.

It compares favorably with existing thermal and damage theories.

Provides a comprehensive description of dissipative structures.

Abstract

Experimental results from irradiated-carbon nanostructures can be partially explained by selective applications of classical damage theories and ad-hoc thermal models by treating the binary atomic collision cascades and multi-atomic thermal spikes as energy-dissipating mechanisms. An information-theoretic model is developed by treating the irradiated single-walled carbon nanotubes and C60 as entropy-generating dissipative structures. The model is based on evaluating the experimental probability distribution functions of the sputtered constituents and components from the irradiated carbon nanostructures that yield their Shannon entropy or information. Three information-based functions of fractal dimension, relative entropy and dynamic emergence are defined and employed to characterize the profiles of self-organizing, information-generating dissipative structures. Fractal dimension determines the space-filling character, relative entropy establishes the distance between any two of the dissipative structures. Dynamic emergence function provides the profile of the emerging sequences. Results derived from the existing theories and thermal models are compared with the information-theoretic dynamic emergence model to comprehensively describe the nature of the dissipative structures in irradiated carbon nanostructures without making apriori assumptions about the energy-dissipating mechanisms.