The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XVII. A Search for Planetary Nebulae in Virgo Cluster Globular Clusters
Weijia Sun, Eric W. Peng, Youkyung Ko, Patrick C\^ot\'e, Laura, Ferrarese, Myung Gyoon Lee, Chengze Liu, Alessia Longobardi, Igor V., Chilingarian, Chelsea Spengler, Ann I. Zabludoff, Hong-Xin Zhang,, Jean-Charles Cuillandre, Stephen D. J. Gwyn

TL;DR
This study conducts a spectroscopic survey of planetary nebulae in Virgo Cluster globular clusters, finding very low PN occurrence rates and suggesting binary interactions influence PN formation in these environments.
Contribution
It provides the first systematic measurement of PN frequency in Virgo GCs, revealing significantly lower rates than in the Milky Way and exploring environmental and internal factors affecting PN production.
Findings
Detected one PN in a Virgo GC, none in UCDs.
Measured PN specific frequency in Virgo GCs to be among the lowest.
Suggests binary interactions and cluster properties influence PN formation.
Abstract
The occurrence of planetary nebulae (PNe) in globular clusters (GCs) provides an excellent chance to study low-mass stellar evolution in a special (low-metallicity, high stellar density) environment. We report a systematic spectroscopic survey for the [O{\sc iii}] 5007 emission line of PNe in 1469 Virgo GCs and 121 Virgo ultra-compact dwarfs (UCDs), mainly hosted in the giant elliptical galaxies M87, M49, M86, and M84. We detected zero PNe in our UCD sample and discovered one PN ( mag) associated with an M87 GC. We used the [O{\sc iii}] detection limit for each GC to estimate the luminosity-specific frequency of PNe, , and measured in the Virgo cluster GCs to be . in Virgo GCs is among the lowest values reported in any environment, due in part to the large sample size, and is 5--6…
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