Fame and Ultrafame: Measuring and comparing daily levels of `being talked about' for United States' presidents, their rivals, God, countries, and K-pop

TL;DR

This study measures and compares the daily 'fame' levels of US presidents, candidates, and global entities like BTS on Twitter, revealing patterns of ultrafame and the rise of K-pop's influence.

Contribution

It introduces a lexical fame metric based on Twitter mentions and ranks, analyzing the dynamics of fame for political figures and K-pop, and compares their ultrafame levels over time.

Findings

All five political figures reached 'lexical ultrafame' with ranks around 300 or less.

Trump has maintained enduring ultrafame since 2016.

BTS's Twitter presence rivals that of major political figures, indicating K-pop's growing influence.

Abstract

When building a global brand of any kind -- a political actor, clothing style, or belief system -- developing widespread awareness is a primary goal. Short of knowing any of the stories or products of a brand, being talked about in whatever fashion -- raw fame -- is, as Oscar Wilde would have it, better than not being talked about at all. Here, we measure, examine, and contrast the day-to-day raw fame dynamics on Twitter for US Presidents and major US Presidential candidates from 2008 to 2020: Barack Obama, John McCain, Mitt Romney, Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden. We assign ``lexical fame'' to be the number and (Zipfian) rank of the (lowercased) mentions made for each individual across all languages. We show that all five political figures have at some point reached extraordinary volume levels of what we define to be ``lexical ultrafame'': An overall rank of approximately 300 or less which is largely the realm of function words and demarcated by the highly stable rank of `god'. By this measure, `trump' has become enduringly ultrafamous, from the 2016 election on. We use typical ranks for country names and function words as standards to improve perception of scale. We quantify relative fame rates and find that in the eight weeks leading up the 2008 and 2012 elections, `obama' held a 1000:757 volume ratio over `mccain' and 1000:892 over `romney', well short of the 1000:544 and 1000:504 volumes favoring `trump' over `hillary' and `biden' in the 8 weeks leading up to the 2016 and 2020 elections. Finally, we track how only one other entity has more sustained ultrafame than `trump' on Twitter: The K-pop (Korean pop) band BTS. We chart the dramatic rise of BTS, finding their Twitter handle `@bts\_twt' has been able to compete with `a' and `the'. Our findings for BTS more generally point to K-pop's growing economic, social, and political power.