Adiabatic hydrodynamization in rapidly-expanding quark-gluon plasma

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new adiabatic hydrodynamization scenario for the quark-gluon plasma, modeling its transition from non-equilibrium to hydrodynamic behavior using a kinetic theory analogy and identifying dominant pre-hydrodynamic modes.

Contribution

It develops a novel analogy to quantum ground state evolution to describe the QGP transition and demonstrates the dominance of pre-hydrodynamic modes in kinetic theory models.

Findings

Pre-hydrodynamic modes dominate early-time evolution.

Adiabatic hydrodynamization describes pre-equilibrium QGP behavior.

Kinetic theory confirms the role of slow modes in plasma evolution.

Abstract

We propose a new scenario characterizing the transition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions from a highly non-equilibrium state at early times toward a fluid described by hydrodynamics at late times. We develop an analogy to the evolution of a quantum mechanical system that is governed by the instantaneous ground states. In the simplest case, these slow modes are "pre-hydrodynamic" in the sense that they are initially distinct from, but evolve continuously into, hydrodynamic modes. For a class of collision integrals, the pre-hydrodynamic mode represents the angular distribution (in momentum space) of those gluons that carry most of the energy. We illustrate this scenario using a kinetic description of weakly-coupled Bjorken expanding plasma. Rapid longitudinal expansion drives a reduction in the degrees of freedom at early times. In the relaxation time approximation for the collision integral, we show quantitatively that the full kinetic theory evolution is dominated by the pre-hydrodynamic mode. We elaborate on the criterion for the dominance of pre-hydrodynamic slow modes and speculate that adiabatic hydrodynamization may describe the pre-equilibrium behavior of the QGP produced in heavy-ion collisions.