Cosmological Dependence of Non-resonantly Produced Sterile Neutrinos

TL;DR

This paper explores how different pre-BBN cosmological models affect the production and detection prospects of sterile neutrinos, linking particle physics experiments with early universe cosmology.

Contribution

It provides a general framework for calculating sterile neutrino production in various non-standard pre-BBN cosmologies, extending beyond standard assumptions.

Findings

Production of sterile neutrinos varies significantly with cosmological model.

Detection prospects depend on the universe's expansion history before BBN.

Provides equations applicable to multiple non-standard cosmologies.

Abstract

We discuss how a laboratory detection of a sterile neutrino not only would constitute a fundamental discovery of a new particle, but could also provide an indication of the evolution of the Universe before Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), a fundamental discovery in cosmology. These "visible" sterile neutrinos could be detected in experiments such as KATRIN/TRISTAN and HUNTER in the keV mass range and PTOLEMY, KATRIN and reactor neutrino experiments in the eV mass range. Standard assumptions are usually made to compute the relic abundance and momentum distribution of particles produced before the temperature of the Universe was 5 MeV, an epoch from which there are no observed remnants thus far. However, non-standard pre-BBN cosmologies based on other assumptions that are equally in agreement with all existing data can arise in some theoretical models. We revisit the production of 0.01 eV to 1 MeV sterile neutrinos via non-resonant active-sterile flavor oscillations in several pre-BBN cosmologies. We give general equations for models in which the expansion of the Universe is parametrized by its amplitude and temperature power and where entropy is conserved, which include kination and scalar tensor models as special cases.