Stephen Hawking and the quantum black holes / Stephen Hawking y los agujeros negros cuanticos

TL;DR

This paper introduces Stephen Hawking's groundbreaking discoveries in 1974, revealing that black holes possess temperature, entropy, and evaporate, thus founding the field of quantum black holes.

Contribution

It provides an accessible overview of Hawking's three major discoveries, bridging general relativity and quantum theory for undergraduate students.

Findings

Black holes have temperature and entropy.

Black holes evaporate over time.

Hawking's work unified quantum theory with black hole physics.

Abstract

Until 1974, the study of black holes was under the hegemony of Einstein's general relativity. However, that same year, Stephen Hawking incorporated quantum theory and discovered that black holes have temperature, entropy, and evaporate. These three great discoveries marked the birth of what we can now call quantum black holes, as opposed to classic black holes, whose description is based only on general relativity. The present work seeks to provide an introduction to the three great discoveries of Hawking, accessible to undergraduate students of science and engineering.