Quasars as standard candles II: The non linear relation between UV and X-ray emission at high redshifts

TL;DR

This study investigates the UV-X-ray luminosity relation in high-redshift quasars, confirming its consistency over redshifts 4 to 7 and supporting their use as standard candles in cosmology.

Contribution

It extends the UV-X-ray relation analysis to higher redshifts, demonstrating its stability and potential for cosmological applications at z=4-7.

Findings

No evidence for evolution of the relation with redshift

Intrinsic dispersion of 0.22 dex in the relation

Supports quasars as standard candles at high redshift

Abstract

A tight non-linear relation between the X-ray and the optical-ultraviolet (UV) emission has been observed in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) over a wide range of redshift and several orders of magnitude in luminosity, suggesting the existence of an ubiquitous physical mechanism regulating the energy transfer between the accretion disc and the X-ray emitting corona. Recently, our group developed a method to use this relation in the observational cosmology, turning quasars into standardizable candles. This work has the main aim to investigate the potential evolution of this correction at high redshifts. We thus studied the $L_{\rm X}-L_{\rm UV}$ relation for a sample of quasars in the redshift range 4<$z$<7, adopting the selection criteria proposed in our previous work regarding their spectral properties. The resulting sample consists of 53 Type 1 (unobscured) quasars, observed either with Chandra or XMM-Newton, for which we performed a full spectral analysis, determining the rest-frame 2 keV flux density, as well as more general X-ray properties such as the estimate of photon index, and the soft (0.5-2 keV) and hard (2-10 keV) unabsorbed luminosities. We find that the relation shows no evidence for evolution with redshift. The intrinsic dispersion of the L$_X$-L$_{UV}$ for a sample free of systematics/contaminants is of the order of 0.22 dex, which is consistent with previous estimates from our group on quasars at lower redshift.