Particle motion around generic black holes coupled to non-linear electrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties of spherically symmetric black holes coupled with non-linear electrodynamics, analyzing horizon structures, energy condition violations, and particle orbits, with implications for black hole shadows and mimicking Kerr black holes.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of horizon structures, energy conditions, and particle dynamics in generic black holes coupled to non-linear electrodynamics, including stability and observational features.

Findings

Existence of black holes with multiple horizons and no-horizon solutions.

Violation of energy conditions near the outer horizon.

Unstable photon orbits can become stable, affecting black hole shadows.

Abstract

We study spherically symmetric magnetically charged generic black hole solutions of general relativity coupled to non-linear electrodynamics (NED). For characteristic values of the generic spacetime parameters we give the position of horizons in dependence on the charge parameter, demonstrating separation of the black hole and no-horizon solutions, and possibility of existence of solutions containing three horizons. We show that null, weak and strong energy conditions are violated when the outer horizon is approaching the center. We study effective potentials for photons and massive test particles and location of circular photon orbits (CPO) and innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). We show that the unstable photon orbit can become stable, leading to the possibility of photon capture which affects on silhouette of the central object. The position of ISCO approaches the horizon with increasing charge parameter q and the energy at ISCO decreases with increasing charge parameter. We investigate this phenomenon and summarize for a variety of the generic spacetime parameters the upper estimate on the spin parameter of the Kerr black which can be mimicked by the generic charged black hole solutions.