Multipole Analysis of Radio Continuum Images of Supernova Remnants: Comparison of Type Ia and Core Collapse

TL;DR

This study uses multipole expansion analysis on radio images of supernova remnants to compare asymmetries between Type Ia and core collapse SNRs, revealing ISM interaction as a key factor in asymmetry development.

Contribution

It introduces a multipole analysis method to quantify radio emission asymmetries in SNRs and compares ISM interactions between different supernova types.

Findings

Large quadrupole and octupole moments correlate with SNR age and size.

ISM structure significantly influences radio emission asymmetries.

Molecular cloud association does not correlate with asymmetry measures.

Abstract

A multipole expansion analysis is applied to 1420 MHz radio continuum images of supernova remnants (SNRs) in order to compare Type Ia and core collapse (CC) SNRs. Because the radio synchrotron emission is produced at the outer shock between the SNR and the ISM, we are investigating whether the ISM interaction of SNRs is different between Type Ia and CC SNRs. This is in contrast to previous investigations, which have shown that Type Ia and CC SNRs have different asymmetries in the X-ray emission from their ejecta. The sample consists of 19 SNRs which have been classified as either Type Ia or CC. The quadrupole and octupole moments normalized to their monopole moments (total emission) are used as a measure of asymmetry of the emission. A broad range (by a factor of ~1000) is found for both quadrupole and octupole normalized moments. The strongest correlation we find is that large quadrupole moments are associated with large octupole moments, indicating that both serve as similar indicators of asymmetry. The other correlation we find is that both moments increase with SNR age or radius. This indicates that interstellar medium structure is a strong contributor to asymmetries in the radio emission from SNRs. This does not seem to apply to molecular clouds, because we find that association of a SNR with a molecular cloud is not correlated with larger quadrupole or octupole moments.