The Open Universe VOU-Blazars tool

TL;DR

The paper introduces VOU-Blazars, a tool that leverages multi-wavelength and multi-messenger data from Virtual Observatories to identify and analyze blazars, aiding future high-energy sky surveys.

Contribution

It presents a new heuristic tool, VOU-Blazars, that integrates open astronomical data to discover and build spectral energy distributions of blazars.

Findings

Successfully tested on 3HSP catalog for high-energy blazars.

Used to identify blazar counterparts of Fermi and IceCube sources.

Facilitates multi-wavelength and multi-messenger blazar analysis.

Abstract

Blazars are a remarkable type of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) that are playing an important and rapidly growing role in today's multi-frequency and multi-messenger astrophysics. In the past several years, blazars have been discovered in relatively large numbers in radio, microwave, X-ray and gamma-ray surveys, and more recently have been associated to high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and possibly to ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Blazars are expected to dominate the high-energy extragalactic sky that will soon be surveyed by the new generation of very-high-energy gamma-ray observatories such as CTA. In parallel to the discovery of many blazars at all frequencies, the technological evolution, together with the increasing adoption of open data policies is causing and exponential growth of astronomical data that is freely available through the network of Virtual Observatories (VO) and the web in general, providing an unprecedented potential for multi-wavelength and multi-messenger data analysis. We present VOU-Blazars, a tool developed within the OU, initiative that has been designed to facilitate the discovery of blazars and build their spectral energy distributions (SED) using multi-wavelength photometric and spectral data that are available from public archives, or that have been generated as part of the OU, initiative and are accessible through VO services. VOU-Blazars implements a heuristic approach based on the well known SED that differentiate blazars from other astronomical sources. The VOU-Blazars outputs are flux tables, bibliographic references, sky plots and SEDs. VOU-Blazars has been extensively tested during the selection of new high-energy peaked (HSP) blazars recently published in the 3HSP catalog, and has been used to search for blazar counterparts of Fermi 3FHL, Fermi 4FGL, AGILE sources, and of IceCube astrophysical neutrinos.