A digital PID controller for stabilizing large electric currents to the ppm level for Feshbach resonance studies

TL;DR

This paper presents a digital PID controller designed to stabilize large electric currents with ppm-level precision for Feshbach resonance experiments, enabling improved magnetic field stability in ultracold quantum gases.

Contribution

A simple digital PID current controller using FPGA and off-the-shelf components is developed for high-precision stabilization of large currents in electromagnets.

Findings

Achieved current stabilization at 337.5 A with $7.5\times 10^{-7}$ fractional stability

Controller operates with a 2 kHz bandwidth

Stability maintained over 10-minute averaging period

Abstract

Magnetic Feshbach resonances are a key tool in the field of ultracold quantum gases, but their full exploitation requires the generation of large, stable magnetic fields up to 1000 G with fractional stabilities of better than $10^{-4}$. Design considerations for electromagnets producing these fields, such as optical access and fast dynamical response, mean that electric currents in excess of 100 A are often needed to obtain the requisite field strengths. We describe a simple digital proportional-integral-derivative current controller constructed using a field-programmable gate array and off-the-shelf evaluation boards which allows for gain scheduling, enabling optimal control of current sources with non-linear actuators. Our controller can stabilize an electric current of 337.5 A to the level of $7.5\times 10^{-7}$ in an averaging time of 10 minutes and with a control bandwidth of 2 kHz.