Advances in Microwave Near-Field Imaging: Prototypes, Systems, and Applications

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advancements in microwave near-field imaging, highlighting prototypes, systems, applications, and future challenges driven by hardware improvements and experimental validation efforts.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of developed prototypes and systems, emphasizing hardware progress, experimental validation, and future research directions in microwave near-field imaging.

Findings

Hardware advancements enable real experimental validations.

Prototypes and systems have been developed for diverse applications.

Software algorithms have improved imaging reconstruction quality.

Abstract

A near-field microwave imaging system attempts to reveal the presence of an object and/or an electrical property distribution by measuring the scattered field from many positions surrounding the object. Over the past few decades, both the hardware and software components of a near-field microwave imaging system technology have attracted interest throughout the world. Due to limitations of hardware technology (unavailability of data acquisition apparatus), experimental microwave imaging is very challenging for the pioneers. However, Probably due to the hardware cost, most of the studies (operating at a few GHz) were still focused on software only. The feasibility of using microwave approaches to image different types of objects have been tested and verified by simulations in a variety of applications. Further, work has been conducted on improving both quantitative and qualitative algorithms to improve simulated reconstruction results. Nowadays, benefitting from the hardware progress and reduction of their cost, researchers are eager to pursue real experimental validations instead of simulations, and, more unique prototypes and commercial systems have been built for various applications. These prototypes and systems are a result of years of dedicated work and it is important to review the advancements in developed prototype systems. The article will provide an overview of the many of the systems designed from different research groups throughout the world, for applications of near-field microwave imaging. The article further outlines challenges faced in current microwave near-field imaging, developmental tendencies of engineers and scientists, and the future outlook.