Effects of green revolution led agricultural expansion on net ecosystem service values in India
Srikanta Sannigrahi, Suman Chakraborti, Pawan Kumar Joshi, Saskia, Keesstra, P.S. Roy, Paul. C. Sutton, Urs Kreuter, Saikat Kumar Paul, Somnath, Sen, Sandeep Bhatt, Shahid Rahmat, Shouvik Jha, Qi Zhang, Laishram Kanta, Singh

TL;DR
This study quantifies how Green Revolution-driven agricultural expansion in India from 1985 to 2005 has impacted the value of ecosystem services across different regions, highlighting the importance of land use changes.
Contribution
It introduces a comprehensive analysis of the effects of Green Revolution-led land use changes on ecosystem service values in India using advanced modeling techniques.
Findings
Cropland, forestland, and water bodies contribute most to ESVs.
Water regulation has the highest ESV among ecosystem services.
Cropland expansion positively influences ESVs, while cropping intensity has a negative effect.
Abstract
Ecosystem Services are a bundle of natural processes and functions that are essential for human well-being, subsistence, and livelihood. The expansion of cultivation and cropland, which is the backbone of the Indian economy, is one of the main drivers of rapid Land Use Land Cover changes in India. To assess the impact of the Green Revolution led agrarian expansion on the total ecosystem service values, we first estimated the ESVs from 1985 to 2005 for eight ecoregions in India using several value transfer approaches. Five explanatory factors such as Total Crop Area, Crop Production, Crop Yield, Net Irrigated Area, and Cropping Intensity representing the cropping scenarios in the country were used in constructing local Geographical Weighted Regression model to explore the cumulative and individual effects on ESVs. A Multi-Layer Perceptron based Artificial Neural Network algorithm was…
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