The Hecke group $H(\lambda_4)$ acting on imaginary quadratic number fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the Hecke group $H(\lambda_4)$ acts on specific subsets of imaginary quadratic fields, calculating the number of orbits for each square-free positive integer $n$ and providing illustrative examples.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the action of $H(\lambda_4)$ on subsets of imaginary quadratic fields, including explicit orbit counts for all relevant $n$ and illustrative examples.

Findings

Calculated the number of orbits for each square-free positive integer $n$.

Provided explicit examples illustrating the orbit structure.

Extended understanding of Hecke group actions on quadratic imaginary fields.

Abstract

Let $H(\lambda_4)$ be the Hecke group $\langle x,y\,:\, x^2=y^4=1 \rangle$ and, for a square-free positive integer $n$, consider the subset $\mathbb{Q}^*(\sqrt{-n})=\left\{(a+\sqrt{-n})/c \, | \, a,b=(a^2+n)/c \in \mathbb{Z},\, c\in 2\mathbb{Z} \right\}$ of the quadratic imaginary number field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-n})$. Following a line of research in the relevant literature, we study properties of the action of $H(\lambda_4)$ on $\mathbb{Q}^*(\sqrt{-n})$. In particular, we calculate the number of orbits arising from this action for every such $n$. Some illustrative examples are also given.