Nano-scale tunable optical binding mediated by hyperbolic metamaterials

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how hyperbolic metamaterials can be used to control and tune optical binding interactions at the nanoscale, surpassing classical diffraction limits and enabling new optomechanical phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach using hyperbolic metasurfaces to achieve tunable, sub-diffraction optical binding distances between nanoparticles.

Findings

Hyperbolic metamaterials enable control over nanoscale binding distances.

Metamaterial thickness influences binding distance reduction.

Multiple reflections from the substrate enhance near-field interactions.

Abstract

Carefully designed nanostructures can inspire new type of optomechanical interactions and allow surpassing limitations set by classical diffractive optical elements. Apart from strong near-field localization, nanostructured environment allows controlling scattering channels and might tailor many-body interactions. Here we investigate an effect of optical binding, where several particles demonstrate a collective mechanical behaviour of bunching together in a light field. In contrary to classical binding, where separation distances between particles are diffraction limited, an auxiliary hyperbolic metasurface is shown here to break this barrier by introducing several controllable near-field interaction channels. Strong material dispersion of the hyperbolic metamaterial along with high spatial confinement of optical modes, which it supports, allow achieving superior tuning capabilities and efficient control over binding distances on the nanoscale. In addition, a careful choice of the metamaterial slabs thickness enables decreasing optical binding distances by orders of magnitude compared to free space scenarios due to the multiple reflections of volumetric modes from the substrate. Auxiliary tunable metamaterials, which allow controlling collective optomechanical interactions on the nanoscale, open a venue for new investigations including collective nanofluidic interactions, triggered bio-chemical reactions and many others.