Linear feedback control of invariant solutions in channel flow

TL;DR

This paper explores the application of linear feedback control to invariant solutions in channel flow, revealing challenges such as emergent instabilities and implications for designing effective control strategies in fluid dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a pressure-based feedback control method for invariant solutions in Navier-Stokes equations and analyzes its effects on stability and control challenges.

Findings

Original instability can be suppressed but new instabilities emerge.

Feedback affects both unstable and stable directions, complicating control.

Explicitly constructed control analogue leaves stable directions unaffected.

Abstract

Considering channel flow at Reynolds numbers below the linear stability threshold of the laminar profile as a generic example system showing a subcritical transition to turbulence connected with the existence of simple invariant solutions, we here discuss issues that arise in the application of linear feedback control of invariant solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. We focus on the simplest possible problem, that is, travelling waves with one unstable direction. In view of potential experimental applicability we construct a pressure-based feedback strategy and study its effect on the stable, marginal and unstable directions of these solutions in different periodic cells. Even though the original instability can be removed, new instabilities emerge as the feedback procedure affects not only the unstable but also the stable directions. We quantify these adverse effects and discuss their implications for the design of successful control strategies. In order to highlight the challenges that arise in the application of feedback control methods in principle and concerning potential applications in the search for simple invariant solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in particular, we consider an explicitly constructed analogue to closed-loop linear optimal control that leaves the stable directions unaffected.