Wormhole solutions with a polynomial equation-of-state and minimal violation of the null energy condition

TL;DR

This paper explores wormhole solutions supported by various equations-of-state, demonstrating minimal null energy condition violations and compatibility with observational data, by analyzing different matter models near the wormhole throat.

Contribution

It introduces wormhole solutions with minimal null energy condition violation using polynomial and combined equations-of-state, including quadratic and polytropic models.

Findings

Null energy condition violation is localized near the throat.

Different equations-of-state significantly reduce exotic matter requirements.

Solutions are asymptotically flat and observationally consistent.

Abstract

This paper discusses wormholes supported by general equation-of-state , resulting in a significant combination of the linear equation-of-state and some other models. Wormhole with a quadratic equation-of-state is studied as a particular example. It is shown that the violation of null energy condition is restricted to some regions in the vicinity of the throat. The combination of barotropic and polytropic equation-of-state has been studied. We consider fluid near the wormhole throat in an exotic regime which at some $r=r_{1}$, the exotic regime is connected to a distribution of asymptotically dark energy regime with $-1<\omega<-1/3$. We have presented wormhole solutions with small amount of exotic matter. We have shown that using different forms of equation-of-state has a considerable effect on the minimizing violation of the null energy condition. The effect of many parameters such as redshift as detected by a distant observer and energy density at the throat on the $r_1$ is investigated. The solutions are asymptotically flat and compatible with presently available observational data at the large cosmic scale.