Two Regime Cooling in Flow Induced by a Spark Discharge

TL;DR

This study quantitatively analyzes the two-stage cooling process of a hot gas kernel induced by spark discharge, highlighting the role of entrainment and convective cooling within the first millisecond.

Contribution

It provides the first quantitative measurements of density and velocity in spark discharge-induced flow, linking entrainment to the rapid cooling process.

Findings

Fast cooling regime is 2 to 10 times faster than slow regime.

Approximately 50% of cooling occurs within the first millisecond.

Cooling ratio from measurements aligns with the analytical model.

Abstract

The cooling process associated with the flow induced by a spark plasma discharge generated between a pair of electrodes is measured using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (S-PIV) and background oriented schlieren (BOS). Density measurements show that the hot gas kernel initially cools fast by convective cooling, followed by a slower cooling process. The cooling rates during the fast regime range from being 2 to 10 times those in the slower regime. An analytical model is developed to relate the cooling observed in the fast regime from BOS, to the total entrainment of cold ambient fluid per unit volume of the hot gas kernel, measured from S-PIV. The model calculates the cooling ratio to characterize the cooling process and shows that the cooling ratio estimated from the density measurements are in close agreement with those calculated from the entrainment. These measurements represent the first ever quantitative density and velocity measurements of the flow induced by a spark discharge and reveal the role of entrainment on the cooling of the hot gas kernel. These results underscore that convective cooling of the hot gas kernel, in the fast regime, leads to approximately 50% of the cooling and occurs within the first millisecond of the induced flow.