Circular quiver gauge theories, isomonodromic deformations and $W_N$ fermions on the torus

TL;DR

This paper explores the connection between class S theories on punctured tori, isomonodromic deformations of flat SL(N) connections, and $W_N$ fermion correlators, revealing how deformations relate to gauge theory partition functions.

Contribution

It establishes a novel link between isomonodromic deformations, Seiberg-Witten integrable systems, and $W_N$ fermions on the torus, with implications for gauge theory partition functions.

Findings

The $ au$-function is proportional to the dual gauge theory partition function.

Deautonomization introduces specific time dependence in the Hamiltonians.

Mapping to $W_N$ fermion correlators provides a new computational approach.

Abstract

We study the relation between class S theories on punctured tori and isomonodromic deformations of flat SL(N) connections on the two dimensional torus with punctures. Turning on the self dual $\Omega$-background corresponds to a deautonomization of the Seiberg-Witten integrable system which implies a specific time dependence in its Hamiltonians. We show that the corresponding $\tau$-function is proportional to the dual gauge theory partition function, the proportionality factor being a non trivial function of the solution of the deautonomized Seiberg-Witten integrable system. This is obtained by mapping the isomonodromic deformation problem to $W_N$ free fermion correlators on the torus.