Pockels-effect-based adiabatic frequency conversion in ultrahigh-$Q$ microresonators

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel adiabatic frequency conversion method using the Pockels effect in ultrahigh-Q lithium niobate microresonators, enabling large, controllable frequency shifts with high efficiency suitable for chip integration.

Contribution

It presents the first implementation of Pockels-effect-based adiabatic frequency conversion in ultrahigh-Q microresonators, achieving large frequency shifts with voltage control.

Findings

Frequency shifts over 5 GHz achieved with 20 V.

Positive and negative frequency chirps demonstrated.

Potential for on-chip mass production of devices.

Abstract

Adiabatic frequency conversion has some key advantages over nonlinear frequency conversion. No threshold and no phase-matching conditions need to be fulfilled. Moreover, it exhibits a conversion efficiency of $100\,\%$ down to the single-photon level. Adiabatic frequency conversion schemes in microresonators demonstrated so far suffer either from low quality factors of the employed resonators resulting in short photon lifetimes or small frequency shifts. Here, we present an adiabatic frequency conversion (AFC) scheme by employing the Pockels effect. We use a non-centrosymmetric ultrahigh-$Q$ microresonator made out of lithium niobate. Frequency shifts of more than $5\,$GHz are achieved by applying just $20\,$V to $70$-micrometer-thick crystal. Furthermore, we demonstrate that already with the same setup positive and a negative frequency chirps can be generated. With this method, by controlling the voltage applied to the crystal, almost arbitrary frequency shifts can be realized. The general advances in on-chip fabrication of lithium-niobate-based devices make it feasible to transfer the current apparatus onto a chip suitable for mass production.