Steady-State Optimal Frequency Control for Lossy Power Grids with Distributed Communication

TL;DR

This paper introduces a distributed, price-based frequency control method for lossy power grids, ensuring stability, cost efficiency, and robustness, with active power sharing enabled through cost function design.

Contribution

It develops a novel port-Hamiltonian based control approach for frequency regulation in lossy grids, addressing stability, cost minimization, and power sharing.

Findings

Controller stabilizes frequency asymptotically

Maintains minimum generation costs in steady state

Robust against clock drifts and uncontrollable loads

Abstract

We present a distributed and price-based control approach for frequency regulation in power grids with nonzero line conductances. Both grid and controller are modeled as a port-Hamiltonian system, where the grid model consists of differential as well as algebraic equations. Simulations show that the resulting controller asymptotically stabilizes the frequency while maintaining minimum overall generation costs in steady state and being robust in terms of clock drifts and uncontrollable loads. Moreover, it is shown that active power sharing can be achieved by an appropriate choice of the cost function.