Tannin-controlled micelles and fibrils of $\kappa$-casein

TL;DR

This study investigates how green tea tannin EGCG influences amyloid fibril formation in $$-casein under thermal stress, revealing that EGCG inhibits fibril growth without binding to fibrils, and proposes a kinetic model for this process.

Contribution

The paper introduces a kinetic model for EGCG-controlled amyloid aggregation of micellar proteins, highlighting its inhibitory effect on fibril growth without direct binding to fibrils.

Findings

EGCG does not bind to fibrils or prevent monomer conversion to amyloid-prone forms.

EGCG inhibits fibril growth by hindering monomer addition.

Reversible release of native monomers from micelles occurs during fibril formation.

Abstract

Effects of green tea tannin epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) on thermal-stress-induced amyloid fibril formation of reduced carboxymethylated bovine milk protein $\kappa$-casein (RCMK) were studied by dynamical light scattering (DLS) and small angle x-rays scattering (SAXS). Two populations of aggregates, micelles and fibrils, dominated the time evolution of light scattering intensity and of effective hydrodynamic diameter. SAXS experiments allowed to resolve micelles and fibrils so that the time dependence of scattering profile revealed structural evolution of the two populations. The low-Q scattering intensity prior to an expected increase with time due to fibril growth, shows an intriguing rapid decrease which is interpreted as the release of monomers from micelles. This phenomenon, observed both in the absence and in the presence of EGCG, indicates that under thermal stress free native monomers are converted to amyloid-prone monomers that do not form micelles. The consumption of free native monomers results in a release of native monomers from micelles, because only native protein participate in micelle-monomer (quasi-)equilibrium. This release is reversible, indicating also that native-to-amyloid-prone monomers conversion is reversible as well. We show that EGCG does not bind to protein in fibrils, neither does it affect/prevent the pro-amyloid conversion of monomers. EGCG hinders the addition of monomers to growing fibrils. These facts allowed us to propose kinetics model for EGCG-controlled amyloid aggregation of micellar proteins. Therein, we introduced the growth-rate inhibition function which quantitatively accounts for the effect of EGCG on the fibril growth at any degree of thermal stress.