First Detection of Plasmoids from Breakout Reconnection on the Sun

TL;DR

This paper presents the first direct observations of plasmoid formation during breakout reconnection in solar jets, confirming key aspects of the breakout and resistive-kink models through high-resolution solar corona data.

Contribution

It provides the first observational evidence of plasmoid formation during breakout reconnection in the solar corona, validating theoretical models of jet initiation.

Findings

First direct observation of plasmoids in solar breakout reconnection.

Distinction between two jet types: one driven by non-explosive breakout, the other by explosive reconnection.

Confirmation of the breakout and resistive-kink models for solar jets.

Abstract

Transient collimated plasma ejections (jets) occur frequently throughout the solar corona, in active regions, quiet Sun, and coronal holes. Although magnetic reconnection is generally agreed to be the mechanism of energy release in jets, the factors that dictate the location and rate of reconnection remain unclear. Our previous studies demonstrated that the magnetic breakout model explains the triggering and evolution of most jets over a wide range of scales, through detailed comparisons between our numerical simulations and high-resolution observations. An alternative explanation, the resistive-kink model, invokes breakout reconnection without forming and explosively expelling a flux rope. Here we report direct observations of breakout reconnection and plasmoid formation during two jets in the fan-spine topology of an embedded bipole. For the first time, we observed the formation and evolution of multiple small plasmoids with bidirectional flows associated with fast reconnection in 3D breakout current sheets in the solar corona. The first narrow jet was launched by reconnection at the breakout current sheet originating at the deformed 3D null, without significant flare reconnection or a filament eruption. In contrast, the second jet and release of cool filament plasma were triggered by explosive breakout reconnection when the leading edge of the rising flux rope formed by flare reconnection beneath the filament encountered the preexisting breakout current sheet. These observations solidly support both reconnection-driven jet models: the resistive kink for the first jet, and the breakout model for the second explosive jet with a filament eruption.