On the similarities and differences between the Cloud, Fog and the Edge

TL;DR

This paper reviews and clarifies the definitions, characteristics, and distinctions of cloud, fog, and edge computing, analyzing existing literature, models, and platforms to provide a comprehensive overview.

Contribution

It offers a detailed comparison of the concepts, evaluation criteria, and current platforms for edge and fog computing, addressing inconsistencies in terminology and understanding.

Findings

Identifies key differences and similarities between cloud, fog, and edge computing.

Analyzes evaluation aspects like compute, networking, storage, security, and usability.

Provides an overview of commercial and open-source platforms in the edge and fog domains.

Abstract

The field of edge and fog computing is growing, but there are still many inconsistent and loosely-defined terms in current literature. With many articles comparing theoretical architectures and evaluating implementations, there is a need to understand the underlying meaning of information condensed into fog, edge, and similar terms. Through our review of current literature, we discuss these differences and extract key characteristics for basic concepts that appear throughout. The similarities to existing IaaS, PaaS and SaaS models are presented, contrasted against similar models modified for the specifics of edge devices and workloads. We also evaluate the different aspects existing evaluation and comparison works investigate, including the compute, networking, storage, security, and ease-of-use capabilities of the target implementations. Following that, we make a broad overview of currently available commercial and open-source platforms implementing the edge or fog paradigms, identifying key players, successful niche actors and general trends for feature-level and technical development of these platforms.