Influence of the tensor interaction on heavy-ion fusion cross sections

TL;DR

This study investigates how the tensor interaction influences heavy-ion fusion cross sections, revealing significant effects in heavier nuclei and emphasizing the need for comprehensive models including tensor forces for accurate nuclear reaction predictions.

Contribution

It demonstrates the measurable impact of the tensor interaction on fusion cross sections across the nuclear chart using microscopic DC-TDHF calculations with full Skyrme tensor terms.

Findings

Tensor force slightly affects light nuclei fusion at very low energies.

Heavier nuclei show substantial sub-barrier fusion hindrance due to tensor effects.

Ground state deformation and dynamic evolution influence fusion cross sections.

Abstract

[Background] While the tensor interaction has been shown to significantly affect the nuclear structure of exotic nuclei, its influence on nuclear reactions has only recently been investigated. The primary reason for this neglect is the fact that most studies of nuclear dynamics do not include the tensor force at all in their models. Indeed, only a few Skyrme parametrizations consider the tensor interaction in parameter determination. With modern research facilities extending our ability to probe exotic nuclei, a correct description of nuclear dynamics and heavy-ion fusion is vital to both supporting and leading experimental efforts. [Method] Fusion cross sections are calculated using ion-ion potentials generated by the fully microscopic density-constrained time-dependent Hartree-Fock (DC-TDHF) method with the complete Skyrme tensor interaction. [Results] For light nuclei, the tensor force only slightly changes the sub-barrier fusion cross sections at very low energies. Heavier nuclei, however, begin to exhibit a substantial hindrance effect in the sub-barrier region. This effect is strongest in spin-unsaturated systems, though can manifest in other configurations as well. Static, ground state deformation effects of the tensor force can also affect cross sections by shifting the fusion barrier. [Conclusions] The tensor interaction has a measurable effect on the fusion cross sections of nuclei spanning the nuclear chart. The effect comes from both static effects present in the ground state and dynamic processes arising from the time evolution of the system. This motivates the development of a modern Skyrme parameter set that includes all time-odd and tensor terms and that studies moving forward should include the tensor force to ensure a more robust and complete description of nuclei.