Nanoscale sensing based on nitrogen vacancy centersin single crystal diamond and nanodiamonds:achievements and challenges

TL;DR

This review discusses recent progress in using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale sensing and imaging, emphasizing achievements, challenges, and potential applications in various nanotechnologies.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments, challenges, and key parameters for employing NV centers in diamond as quantum sensors at the nanoscale.

Findings

NV centers enable high-resolution, minimally invasive sensing at room temperature.

Advances include integration with nanostructures like graphene for enhanced sensing.

Challenges involve material quality and optimizing NV center properties for specific applications.

Abstract

Powered by the mutual developments in instrumentation, materials andtheoretical descriptions, sensing and imaging capabilities of quantum emitters insolids have significantly increased in the past two decades. Quantum emitters insolids, whose properties resemble those of atoms and ions, provide alternative waysto probing natural and artificial nanoscopic systems with minimum disturbance andultimate spatial resolution. Among those emerging quantum emitters, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond is an outstanding example due to its intrinsicproperties at room temperature (highly-luminescent, photo-stable, biocompatible,highly-coherent spin states). This review article summarizes recent advances andachievements in using NV centers within nano- and single crystal diamonds in sensingand imaging. We also highlight prevalent challenges and material aspects for differenttypes of diamond and outline the main parameters to consider when using color centersas sensors. As a novel sensing resource, we highlight the properties of NV centersas light emitting electrical dipoles and their coupling to other nanoscale dipoles e.g.graphene.