Particle Energization in Space Plasmas: Towards a Multi-Point, Multi-Scale Plasma Observatory. A White Paper for the Voyage 2050 long-term plan in the ESA's Science Programme

TL;DR

This white paper advocates for a multi-point, multi-scale plasma observatory with at least 7 spacecraft to address fundamental questions about particle energization in space plasmas, enabling breakthroughs in understanding shocks, reconnection, waves, and turbulence.

Contribution

It proposes a novel ESA mission concept involving at least 7 spacecraft to resolve scale coupling and nonlinearity in space plasma physics, advancing beyond current missions.

Findings

Identifies key science questions on particle energization

Highlights the need for multi-point, multi-scale observations

Suggests a paradigm shift in understanding space plasma processes

Abstract

This White Paper outlines the importance of addressing the fundamental science theme <<How are charged particles energized in space plasmas>> through a future ESA mission. The White Paper presents five compelling science questions related to particle energization by shocks, reconnection,waves and turbulence, jets and their combinations. Answering these questions requires resolving scale coupling, nonlinearity and nonstationarity, which cannot be done with existing multi-point observations. In situ measurements from a multi-point, multi-scale L-class plasma observatory consisting of at least 7 spacecraft covering fluid, ion and electron scales are needed. The plasma observatory will enable a paradigm shift in our comprehension of particle energization and space plasma physics in general, with very important impact on solar and astrophysical plasmas. It will be the next logical step following Cluster, THEMIS and MMS for the very large and active European space plasmas community. Being one of the cornerstone missions of the future ESA Voyage 2035-2050 science program, it would further strengthen the European scientific and technical leadership in this important field.