Heterodyne fiber interferometer for frequency-noise reduction and rapid wide-band tunability of a conventional laser source

TL;DR

This paper presents a fiber-based heterodyne interferometer that effectively reduces laser frequency noise, achieves rapid wide-band tunability, and demonstrates a 700 Hz linewidth and 1 THz/s scan rate.

Contribution

The authors develop an analytic model for optimal delay-line length and implement a fiber Michelson interferometer for laser stabilization and rapid frequency sweeping.

Findings

Achieved a 700 Hz laser linewidth over milliseconds.

Demonstrated a frequency scan rate of 1 THz/s.

Measured maximum deviation in linear sweep as 100 kHz.

Abstract

Self-heterodyne fiber interferometers have been shown to be capable of stabilizing lasers to ultra-narrow linewidths and present an excellent alternative to high finesse cavities for frequency stabilization. In addition to suppressing frequency noise, these devices are highly tunable, and can be manipulated to produce high speed frequency sweeps over the entire range of the laser. We present an analytic approach for choosing a delay-line length for both optimal noise suppression and highest in-loop frequency sweep rate. Using this model we have implemented a fiber-based active Michelson interferometer as a frequency discriminator for a conventional diode laser and demonstrated a linewidth of 700 Hz over millisecond timescales. We also demonstrate a frequency scan rate of 1 THz/s and independently measure the maximum deviation in frequency from the linear sweep to be 100 kHz, predominantly limited by acoustic resonances in the apparatus.