A Fresh Look at Narrow-Angle Tail Radio Galaxy Dynamics, Evolution and Emissions

TL;DR

This study uses 3D MHD simulations to analyze the dynamics, evolution, and emissions of narrow-angle tail radio galaxies, revealing complex morphologies, magnetic field enhancements, and stable yet intermittently disrupted jets over hundreds of millions of years.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed 3D MHD modeling of NAT radio galaxy evolution including cosmic rays, extending traditional jet-bending models with new insights into tail morphology and magnetic field behavior.

Findings

NATs exhibit transitional morphologies similar to wide-angle tails.

Jets remain stable internally but are intermittently disrupted by external disturbances.

Disrupted jets produce patchy, filamentary, and longer tails exceeding wind speeds.

Abstract

We present a 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) study of narrow-angle tail (NAT) radio galaxy (RG) dynamics, including passive cosmic ray electrons. We follow evolution of a bipolar-jet RG in a persistent crosswind through hundreds of Myr. We confirm traditional jet-bending models, while noting that our NAT exhibits a transitional morphology reminiscent of wide-angle radio tails. Once deflected, jets remain internally stable, but are intermittently disrupted by external disturbances induced by the NAT dynamics itself. The disruptions enhance jet and tail magnetic fields. Disrupted jet plasma is heterogeneously mixed with denser wind plasma, yielding patchy, filamentary tails that grow longer at a rate exceeding the wind speed. Such fast tail extension could, for example, allow NAT tails to overtake extraneous ICM features, such as shocks and shear layers downwind of where the tails first form. Those events, in turn, could generate enhanced radio emissions within the ICM features themselves that do not follow the geometrical extension of the tails past the encounter. Analysis of synthetic radio observations reveals an extended time period once the NAT has developed in which it displays a nearly steady-state morphology with integrated fluxes that are roughly constant, along with a self-similar, curved integrated spectrum. In an appendix, we outline a simple analytic jet trajectory formalism with one adjustable parameter, using it to illustrate explicit trajectories that extend the classic bending model to arbitrary jet-wind orientations.