Self-similarity of low-frequency earthquakes

TL;DR

This study analyzes over 10,000 low-frequency earthquakes in Japan, revealing they share similar physics with regular earthquakes, including self-similar rupture processes and constant stress drops, but may propagate at lower rupture velocities.

Contribution

It provides the first large-scale source characterization of low-frequency earthquakes, demonstrating their shear rupture mechanism and self-similar scaling laws.

Findings

Seismic moment versus corner frequency follows an inverse cube law.

Low-frequency earthquakes likely share rupture physics with regular earthquakes.

They may propagate at lower rupture velocities, releasing smaller stress drops.

Abstract

Low-frequency earthquakes are a particular class of slow earthquakes that provide a unique source of information on the mechanical properties of a subduction zone during the preparation of large earthquakes. Despite increasing detection of these events in recent years, their source mechanisms are still poorly characterised, and the relation between their magnitude and size remains controversial. Here, we present the source characterisation of more than 10,000 low-frequency earthquakes that occurred during tremor sequences in 2012-2016 along the Nankai subduction zone in western Shikoku, Japan. We show that the seismic moment versus corner frequency scaling for these events is compatible with an inverse of the cube law, as widely observed for regular earthquakes. Our result is thus consistent with shear rupture as the source mechanism for low-frequency earthquakes, and suggests that they obey to a similar physics of regular earthquakes, with self-similar rupture process and constant stress drop. Furthermore, when investigating the dependence of the stress drop value on the rupture speed, we found that low-frequency earthquakes might propagate at lower rupture velocity than regular earthquakes, releasing smaller stress drop.