Squeezing in Both the Plus and Minus Quadratures with the Uncertainty Relation Perfectly Holding

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates significant quadrature squeezing in a driven three-level atom-cavity system, with maximum squeezing levels of over 50%, while confirming the uncertainty relation holds perfectly, and analyzes the effects of spontaneous emission.

Contribution

It presents a detailed analysis of quadrature squeezing in a three-level atom-cavity system, including the effects of vacuum reservoirs and spontaneous emission, with novel results on maximum squeezing levels.

Findings

Quadrature squeezing up to 52.08% and 33.32% below vacuum level.

Squeezing occurs in both plus and minus quadratures.

Spontaneous emission reduces mean photon number but not squeezing.

Abstract

We have considered a cavity mode driven by coherent light and interacting with a three-level atom available in an open cavity coupled to a vacuum reservoir. We have carried out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir in normal order. We have also considered the interaction of the three-level atom with the vacuum reservoir outside the cavity. It is found that the squeezing occurs in both the plus and the minus quadratures and the maximum quadrature squeezing happens to be 52.08% and 33.32% below the vacuum state level, respectively. We have established that the uncertainty relation holds perfectly for this case as well. In addition, we have found that the squeezing in a pair of superposed cavity modes occurs in the plus and minus quadratures and have the same value. The amount of squeezing in each quadrature turns out to be half of the sum of the squeezing in the plus and minus quadratures of each cavity mode. Furthermore, we have observed that the presence of spontaneous emission decreases the mean photon number of the cavity mode but does not affect the maximum quadrature squeezing.