Motion of Particles in Solar and Galactic Systems by Using Neumann Boundary Condition

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new equation of motion derived from Neumann boundary conditions, exploring its implications for solar system dynamics and galactic structures, including rotation curves and mass discrepancies, with observational tests on low surface brightness galaxies.

Contribution

It proposes a novel equation of motion based on Neumann boundary conditions and applies it to solar and galactic systems, offering new insights into rotation curves and mass discrepancies.

Findings

Detectable correction in solar system orbital precession.

Introduction of a force law explaining galaxy rotation curves.

Validation of the model with 39 LSB galaxy data.

Abstract

A new equation of motion, which is derived previously by imposing Neumann boundary condition on cosmological perturbation equations (Shenavar 2016 a), is investigated. By studying the precession of perihelion, it is shown that the new equation of motion suggests a small, though detectable, correction in orbits of solar system objects. Then a system of particles is surveyed to have a better understanding of galactic structures. Also the general form of the force law is introduced by which the rotation curve and mass discrepancy of axisymmetric disks of stars are derived. In addition, it is suggested that the mass discrepancy as a function of centripetal acceleration becomes significant near a constant acceleration $ 2c_{1}a_{0} $ where $c_{1}$ is the Neumann constant and $ a_{0} = 6.59 \times 10^{-10} $ $m/s^{2}$ is a fundamental acceleration. Furthermore, it is shown that a critical surface density equal to $ \sigma_{0}=a_{0}/G $, in which G is the Newton gravitational constant, has a significant role in rotation curve and mass discrepancy plots. Also, the specific form of NFW mass density profile at small radii, $ \rho \propto 1/r $, is explained too. Finally, the present model will be tested by using a sample of 39 LSB galaxies for which we will show that the rotation curve fittings are generally acceptable. The derived mass to light ratios too are found within the plausible bound except for the galaxy F571-8.