Bose-Einstein condensation of triplons close to the quantum critical point in the quasi-one-dimensional spin-$1/2$ antiferromagnet NaVOPO$_4$

TL;DR

This study investigates NaVOPO₄, a quasi-one-dimensional spin-1/2 antiferromagnet, revealing Bose-Einstein condensation of triplons near a quantum critical point through various experimental and computational methods.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of NaVOPO₄, demonstrating its proximity to a quantum critical point and observing BEC of triplons.

Findings

Weak exchange alternation with ratio ~0.98

Zero-field spin gap of ~2.4 K

Field-induced magnetic order above 1.6 T

Abstract

Structural and magnetic properties of a quasi-one-dimensional spin-$1/2$ compound NaVOPO$_4$ are explored by x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, high-field magnetization, specific heat, electron spin resonance, and $^{31}$P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, as well as complementary \textit{ab initio} calculations. Whereas magnetic susceptibility of NaVOPO$_4$ may be compatible with the gapless uniform spin chain model, detailed examination of the crystal structure reveals a weak alternation of the exchange couplings with the alternation ratio $\alpha\simeq 0.98$ and the ensuing zero-field spin gap $\Delta_{0}/k_{\rm B} \simeq 2.4$~K directly probed by field-dependent magnetization measurements. No long-range order is observed down to 50\,mK in zero field. However, applied fields above the critical field $H_{c1}\simeq 1.6$\,T give rise to a magnetic ordering transition with the phase boundary $T_{\rm N} \propto {(H - H_{\rm c1})^{\frac{1}{\phi}}}$, where $\phi \simeq 1.8$ is close to the value expected for Bose-Einstein condensation of triplons. With its weak alternation of the exchange couplings and small spin gap, NaVOPO$_4$ lies close to the quantum critical point.