Kinetic freeze-out temperature from yields of short-lived resonances

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to determine the kinetic freeze-out temperature in heavy-ion collisions using yields of short-lived resonances, providing insights into the freeze-out process without relying on flow assumptions.

Contribution

It presents a novel approach to extract kinetic freeze-out temperature from resonance yields alone, independent of flow profile assumptions, and applies it to Pb--Pb collision data at 2.76 TeV.

Findings

Kinetic freeze-out temperature decreases with collision centrality.

Resonance yields can be used to determine freeze-out parameters.

Predictions made for yields of other short-lived resonances.

Abstract

A method to determine the kinetic freeze-out temperature in heavy-ion collisions from measured yields of short-lived resonances is presented. The resonance production is treated in the framework of thermal model with an evolution between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs. The yields of many short-lived resonances are suppressed at $T = T_{\rm kin} < T_{\rm ch}$. We determine the values of $T_{\rm kin}$ and $T_{\rm ch}$ for various centralities in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 2.76$ TeV by fitting the abundances of both the stable hadrons and the short-lived resonances such as $\rho^0$ and $ \text{K}^{*0}$, that were measured by the ALICE collaboration. This allows to extract the kinetic freeze-out temperature from the measured hadron and resonance yields alone, independent of assumptions about the flow velocity profile and the freeze-out hypersurface. The extracted $T_{\rm ch}$ values exhibit a moderate multiplicity dependence whereas $T_{\rm kin}$ drops, from $T_{\rm kin} \simeq T_{\rm ch} \simeq 155$ MeV in peripheral collisions to $T_{\rm kin} \simeq 110$ MeV in 0-20% central collisions. Predictions for other short-lived resonances are presented. A potential (non-)observation of a suppressed $f_0(980)$ meson yield will allow to constrain the lifetime of that meson.