Axial U(1) symmetry, topology, and Dirac spectra at high temperature in $N_f=2$ lattice QCD

TL;DR

This study uses lattice QCD simulations to investigate the behavior of axial U(1) symmetry, topology, and Dirac spectra at high temperatures, revealing suppression of susceptibilities linked to low-lying modes.

Contribution

First lattice QCD analysis of axial U(1) symmetry and topological effects at high temperature using reweighted overlap fermions.

Findings

U(1)_A and topological susceptibilities are suppressed at small quark masses.

Suppression correlates with reduction of low-lying Dirac eigenmodes.

Volume dependence of susceptibilities analyzed.

Abstract

Using lattice QCD simulations with $N_f = 2$ dynamical fermions, we study the axial $U(1)$ symmetry, topological charge, and Dirac eigenvalue spectra in the high-temperature phase in which the chiral symmetry is restored. Our gauge ensembles are generated with M\"obius domain-wall fermions, but the measurements such as susceptibilities are reweighted to those for the overlap fermions by using overlap/domain-wall reweighting technique. We find that the $U(1)_A$ and topological susceptibilities are strongly suppressed in the small quark mass region, which is related to the reduction of chiral-zero and low-nonzero modes on the Dirac spectra. We also examine their volume dependence.