Normalized solutions for a coupled Schr\"odinger system

TL;DR

This paper proves the existence of normalized solutions for a coupled Schrödinger system using bifurcation theory, covering a wide range of parameters, and establishes nonexistence results, advancing understanding beyond fixed-frequency approaches.

Contribution

Introduces a bifurcation and continuation method to find normalized solutions for coupled Schrödinger equations with prescribed masses, extending the parameter range beyond previous fixed-frequency methods.

Findings

Normalized solutions exist for all positive masses and large parameter ranges.

Nonexistence of positive solutions under certain conditions.

Existence holds especially when the nonlinearities are symmetric (μ₁=μ₂).

Abstract

In the present paper, we prove the existence of solutions $(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,u,v)\in\mathbb{R}^2\times H^1(\mathbb{R}^3,\mathbb{R}^2)$ to systems of coupled Schr\"odinger equations $$ \begin{cases} -\Delta u+\lambda_1u=\mu_1 u^3+\beta uv^2\quad &\hbox{in}\;\mathbb{R}^3\\ -\Delta v+\lambda_2v=\mu_2 v^3+\beta u^2v\quad&\hbox{in}\;\mathbb{R}^3\\ u,v>0&\hbox{in}\;\mathbb{R}^3 \end{cases} $$ satisfying the normalization constraint $ \displaystyle\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}u^2=a^2\quad\hbox{and}\;\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}v^2=b^2, $ which appear in binary mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates or in nonlinear optics. The parameters $\mu_1,\mu_2,\beta>0$ are prescribed as are the masses $a,b>0$. The system has been considered mostly in the fixed frequency case. And when the masses are prescribed, the standard approach to this problem is variational with $\lambda_1,\lambda_2$ appearing as Lagrange multipliers. Here we present a new approach based on bifurcation theory and the continuation method. We obtain the existence of normalized solutions for any given $a,b>0$ for $\beta$ in a large range. We also give a result about the nonexistence of positive solutions. From which one can see that our existence theorem is almost the best. Especially, if $\mu_1=\mu_2$ we prove that normalized solutions exist for all $\beta>0$ and all $a,b>0$.